In a preliminary analysis published on 7 September 2026, the International Energy Agency estimates that the global market for lithium-ion batteries exceeds $150 billion. These batteries are now used in electric vehicles, networks, data centers, drones and robotics. The story told by the IEA is international. Scientific bases have been developed in universities and public laboratories in the United States, Europe and Japan after the 1973-1974 oil shock. The first commercial success then came from Japanese portable electronics in the early 1990s. The decline in costs has changed the scale of the market. According to the agency, the global annual demand for batteries in 2025 was almost a thousand times higher than that of 2000, while the average price of cells had dropped by 97 percent over the same period. The main geographical production and an industrial association must also be 85 percent.